How To Change Gas Fireplace Wood Burning

How to Change a Gas Fireplace to Wood Burning

Converting a gas fireplace to a wood-burning fireplace is a significant home renovation project that requires careful planning, adherence to local regulations, and often, professional expertise. While the allure of a crackling wood fire is undeniable, the conversion process involves complexities that must be thoroughly understood before initiation. This article outlines the key steps, considerations, and potential challenges associated with such a conversion.

Before embarking on this project, it is crucial to understand the fundamental differences between gas and wood-burning fireplaces. Gas fireplaces are designed with precise clearances, venting systems, and fuel input requirements specific to gas combustion. These components are not necessarily compatible with the higher temperatures, creosote production, and airflow dynamics of wood fires. Attempting a conversion without addressing these differences can result in hazardous conditions, including fire hazards, carbon monoxide poisoning, and structural damage to the home.

Assessing the Existing Fireplace and Chimney

The first and perhaps most critical step is a comprehensive assessment of the existing fireplace and chimney. This assessment should be performed by a qualified chimney sweep or fireplace professional certified by organizations such as the Chimney Safety Institute of America (CSIA). The assessment will determine the suitability of the existing structure for wood burning and identify necessary modifications.

The assessment should include the following:

Chimney Inspection: The chimney must be inspected for structural integrity, including cracks, spalling brickwork, and deteriorated mortar joints. A chimney designed for gas appliances might not be constructed to withstand the higher temperatures and corrosive byproducts of wood combustion. Gas fireplace chimneys are often built with smaller flues or are unlined, which is unsuitable for wood burning.

Flue Size and Lining: The flue size is a critical factor. Wood-burning fireplaces require a larger flue to properly exhaust smoke and combustion gases. The existing flue may need to be enlarged or relined with a stainless steel liner specifically designed for wood burning. The correct flue size is essential for preventing backdrafting and ensuring efficient combustion. Improper flue size can lead to smoke entering the living space and increased creosote buildup.

Firebox Inspection: The firebox must be inspected for cracks, damage, and proper construction. Gas fireplaces often have decorative logs and burners installed within a shallow or non-compliant firebox designed for aesthetics rather than the high heat output of a wood fire. The existing firebox may need to be modified or replaced with a unit designed for wood burning. The dimensions of the firebox must be adequate to accommodate the size and type of wood to be burned.

Clearances to Combustible Materials: The surrounding areas of the fireplace must have adequate clearances to combustible materials such as wood framing, drywall, and insulation. Wood-burning fireplaces generate significantly more heat than gas fireplaces, and insufficient clearances can lead to fires within the wall cavities. These clearances are dictated by building codes and manufacturer specifications for wood-burning fireplaces.

Meeting Local Building Codes and Regulations

Converting a gas fireplace to a wood-burning fireplace almost always requires permits from the local building authority. Building codes are in place to ensure the safety of the occupants and the structural integrity of the building. Ignoring these codes can result in fines, delays, and potentially dangerous conditions.

Before commencing any work, contact the local building department to inquire about the specific requirements for wood-burning fireplace installations. These requirements may include:

Permit Applications: Submit the necessary permit applications, including detailed plans showing the proposed modifications to the fireplace and chimney. The plans should be prepared by a qualified professional and should demonstrate compliance with all applicable codes.

Inspections: Schedule inspections at various stages of the project, including inspections of the chimney, firebox, and clearances to combustible materials. The inspections are performed by building officials to ensure that the work is being done in accordance with the approved plans and building codes.

Code Compliance: Ensure that the fireplace and chimney meet all applicable code requirements, including requirements for flue size, chimney height, hearth extensions, and smoke detectors. Compliance with these codes is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of the fireplace.

Professional Consultation: Consult with a qualified architect or engineer to ensure that the proposed modifications are structurally sound and meet all applicable building codes. These professionals can provide valuable guidance and ensure that the project is completed safely and effectively.

Modifying or Replacing the Fireplace and Chimney

Based on the assessment and code requirements, the existing fireplace and chimney may need to be modified or replaced. This can be a complex and costly undertaking, depending on the existing conditions and the desired specifications.

Here are some common modifications and replacements:

Chimney Relining: If the existing chimney is not properly lined or the flue size is inadequate, it will need to be relined with a stainless steel liner specifically designed for wood burning. The liner should be sized appropriately for the fireplace and should be installed by a qualified professional. The liner should extend from the firebox to the top of the chimney and should be properly insulated to prevent condensation and creosote buildup.

Firebox Replacement: If the existing firebox is not designed for wood burning, it will need to be replaced with a firebox specifically designed for wood combustion. This may involve removing the existing firebox and installing a new one that meets all applicable code requirements. The new firebox should be properly sized for the fireplace and should be constructed of durable materials that can withstand the high temperatures of wood fires.

Hearth Extension: Wood-burning fireplaces require a hearth extension to protect the surrounding flooring from sparks and embers. The hearth extension should be made of non-combustible materials such as brick, stone, or tile and should extend a minimum distance in front of the fireplace opening and to the sides of the fireplace. The exact dimensions of the hearth extension are dictated by building codes.

Damper Installation: A properly functioning damper is essential for controlling airflow and preventing heat loss when the fireplace is not in use. The damper should be inspected and repaired or replaced as necessary. A top-sealing damper can provide a more airtight seal than a traditional throat damper, reducing heat loss and preventing drafts.

Air Supply: Wood-burning fireplaces require an adequate supply of combustion air to burn efficiently. If the home is tightly sealed, the fireplace may not receive enough air, leading to poor combustion and smoke problems. An outside air kit can be installed to provide a direct source of combustion air to the fireplace.

Professional Installation: All modifications and replacements should be performed by a qualified professional with experience in wood-burning fireplace installations. This will ensure that the work is done correctly and in accordance with all applicable codes and regulations.

Selecting the right type of wood-burning fireplace is also crucial. Options include masonry fireplaces, factory-built fireplaces, and wood-burning fireplace inserts. Each has its own set of requirements and performance characteristics. Masonry fireplaces offer a traditional aesthetic but require extensive construction and skilled craftsmanship. Factory-built fireplaces are pre-engineered units that offer ease of installation and consistent performance. Wood-burning fireplace inserts are designed to be installed within an existing masonry fireplace, providing improved efficiency and heat output.

Proper operation and maintenance of a wood-burning fireplace are crucial for safety and performance. Only seasoned firewood should be burned, as green or wet wood produces excessive smoke and creosote. Regular chimney inspections and cleaning are essential to prevent creosote buildup, a major fire hazard. The fireplace should be operated according to the manufacturer's instructions, and smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors should be installed and maintained in the home.

In summary, converting a gas fireplace to a wood-burning fireplace is a complex project that requires careful planning, professional expertise, and adherence to local building codes and regulations. A thorough assessment of the existing fireplace and chimney is essential, and modifications or replacements may be necessary to ensure safe and efficient operation. Proper operation and maintenance are crucial for preventing fire hazards and ensuring long-term performance.