Wood Burning Stove Insert For Gas Fireplace

Wood Burning Stove Insert for Gas Fireplace: A Comprehensive Guide

Many homeowners grapple with the desire for the ambiance and warmth of a traditional wood-burning fireplace, but are already equipped with a gas fireplace. The prospect of converting a gas fireplace to a wood-burning stove insert offers a potential solution, but requires careful consideration and understanding of the complexities involved. This article explores the advantages, disadvantages, considerations, and steps involved in installing a wood-burning stove insert within an existing gas fireplace.

A gas fireplace provides convenience and ease of use. Turning it on and off is often as simple as flipping a switch. However, a gas fireplace typically lacks the radiant heat and crackling sounds associated with burning wood. A wood-burning stove insert aims to bridge this gap, allowing homeowners to enjoy the benefits of wood heat while potentially utilizing the existing fireplace infrastructure.

It is crucial to acknowledge that a true "conversion" isn't always possible or advisable. A gas fireplace is designed and constructed for gas combustion, with specific venting and safety features. Installing a wood-burning stove insert directly into a gas fireplace without proper modifications and professional assessment can be dangerous and violate building codes. Therefore, this article will focus on using the existing fireplace as a "housing" for the wood-burning stove insert, rather than directly converting the gas unit itself.

Key Point 1: Evaluating the Existing Fireplace and Chimney

The initial and most critical step is a thorough evaluation of the existing gas fireplace and chimney. This assessment should be performed by a qualified professional, such as a certified chimney sweep or a licensed contractor with experience in fireplace installations. The professional will assess the following:

Fireplace Dimensions: The dimensions of the existing fireplace opening are paramount. The wood-burning stove insert must fit comfortably within the firebox, with sufficient clearance on all sides to prevent overheating and ensure proper airflow. The size of the insert will dictate the amount of heat it can generate, so it's important to select an insert appropriate for the size of the room.

Chimney Condition: The chimney is a crucial component of the system, responsible for safely venting combustion gases. The professional will inspect the chimney for cracks, blockages, and deterioration. A damaged chimney can leak dangerous carbon monoxide into the home and pose a fire hazard. If the chimney is damaged, it will need to be repaired or relined before installing the wood-burning stove insert.

Chimney Liner: Gas fireplaces often utilize smaller chimney liners compared to those required for wood-burning stoves. Wood stoves produce significantly hotter and more corrosive flue gases. Therefore, it's highly likely that a new, appropriately sized and insulated chimney liner will need to be installed. This liner is typically made of stainless steel and runs the entire length of the chimney, providing a safe and efficient pathway for the exhaust.

Construction Materials: Identify the materials that constitute the firebox and surrounding structure. Some materials, such as certain types of drywall or combustible mantels, may require modification or replacement to meet safety requirements. Heat shields may be needed to protect combustible materials from excessive heat exposure.

Local Codes and Regulations: Before any work begins, it's imperative to consult with local building authorities to understand applicable codes and regulations. Permits are typically required for wood-burning stove installations, and inspections are necessary to ensure compliance with safety standards. Failure to obtain proper permits can result in fines and the requirement to remove the installation.

Following the professional evaluation, a detailed report should be provided outlining the necessary modifications, repairs, and the type of wood-burning stove insert that is suitable for the existing fireplace.

Key Point 2: Selecting the Right Wood-Burning Stove Insert

Choosing the appropriate wood-burning stove insert is crucial for both safety and performance. Several factors should be considered during the selection process:

Heating Capacity: Wood-burning stove inserts are rated by their heating capacity, typically measured in BTUs (British Thermal Units). Select an insert with a BTU rating appropriate for the size of the room or area intended to be heated. An oversized insert can lead to overheating, while an undersized insert may not provide sufficient warmth.

Efficiency: The efficiency rating indicates how effectively the insert converts wood into usable heat. A higher efficiency rating translates to less wood consumption and lower emissions. Look for inserts that are EPA-certified, as they meet stringent emission standards.

Size and Dimensions: As mentioned earlier, the dimensions of the insert must be compatible with the existing fireplace opening. Measure the firebox carefully and compare it to the insert's specifications. Ensure there is adequate clearance around the insert for proper airflow and heat dissipation.

Features: Modern wood-burning stove inserts often come with various features, such as blowers, catalytic converters, and air wash systems. Blowers help circulate heat throughout the room, while catalytic converters reduce emissions. Air wash systems keep the glass door clean, providing a clear view of the fire.

Construction Quality: Choose an insert made from durable materials, such as cast iron or steel. Look for a well-constructed insert with tight seams and a robust door mechanism. A quality insert will last longer and provide more reliable performance.

EPA Certification: Ensure the wood-burning stove insert is EPA-certified. EPA-certified stoves burn cleaner and are more efficient than non-certified models. They also typically qualify for tax credits or rebates in some areas.

Research different brands and models, read reviews, and consult with a trusted dealer to find the wood-burning stove insert that best meets your needs and budget.

Key Point 3: Installation Process and Safety Considerations

The installation of a wood-burning stove insert is a complex process that should be performed by a qualified professional. Improper installation can lead to safety hazards, such as fire, carbon monoxide poisoning, and damage to the home.

Chimney Preparation: As previously mentioned, the existing chimney likely requires modification or relining. A stainless steel chimney liner is typically installed to ensure safe and efficient venting. The liner must be properly sized to match the insert's flue outlet and must be insulated to prevent condensation and creosote buildup.

Insert Placement: The wood-burning stove insert is carefully placed within the existing fireplace opening. It should be centered and level, with adequate clearance on all sides. Heat shields may be installed to protect combustible materials from excessive heat. The insert is then connected to the chimney liner using a secure and airtight connection.

Sealing and Insulation: The gap between the insert and the fireplace opening should be sealed with a non-combustible material, such as high-temperature caulk or cement. This prevents air leaks and ensures that all combustion gases are directed up the chimney. Insulation may also be added to further reduce heat loss and improve efficiency.

Carbon Monoxide Detectors: It is crucial to install carbon monoxide detectors in the vicinity of the fireplace and in other areas of the home. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly. Detectors provide an early warning of dangerous levels of carbon monoxide.

First Burn and Break-In Period: After the installation is complete, the wood-burning stove insert should be fired up for a break-in period. This allows the materials to expand and contract gradually, preventing damage. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the break-in period, which typically involves burning small fires for several hours.

Regular Maintenance: Wood-burning stove inserts require regular maintenance to ensure safe and efficient operation. This includes cleaning the chimney regularly, inspecting the door seals, and removing ashes from the firebox. A qualified chimney sweep should inspect the chimney at least once a year to identify and address any potential problems.

Proper Wood Storage: Store firewood in a dry, well-ventilated area. Wet or green wood produces more smoke and creosote, which can contribute to chimney fires. Seasoned wood, which has been dried for at least six months, burns cleaner and more efficiently.

Safe Operating Practices: Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for operating the wood-burning stove insert. Never overload the firebox, and never burn anything other than dry, seasoned wood. Keep flammable materials away from the fireplace, and never leave a fire unattended.

Installing a wood-burning stove insert within an existing gas fireplace is a complex undertaking that requires careful planning, professional expertise, and adherence to safety regulations. By thoroughly evaluating the existing fireplace, selecting the right insert, and ensuring proper installation and maintenance, homeowners can enjoy the warmth and ambiance of a wood-burning fire while potentially leveraging their existing fireplace structure. However, it's essential to remember that safety should always be the top priority.